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The legends surrounding the beautiful Cliffs of Moher (PHOTOS)

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There’s no surprise that an odd bunch of tall tales surrounds the Cliffs of Moher. The cliffs’ jarring beauty has inspired legends ranging from underwater mythical cities to a witch falling in love with Cu Chulainn.

Here are summaries of five of the most popular stories.

The Legend of the Hag and Cu Chulainn

A witch named Mal fell deeply in love with Cu Chulainn, the legendary member of the Red Branch, the warrior band of the High King of Ulster. Unfortunately for the Hag, Cu Chulainn did not return her love. Mal would not be denied and began chasing Cú Chulainn all about Ireland. Cu Chulainn ended up south of the Cliffs of Moher, on the mouth of the Shannon River. Cu Chulainn leaped to the island known as Diarmuid and Grainne’s Rock. Mal continued the chase and luckily was carried by a gust of wind as she leaped for the island. Cu Chulainn quickly leaped back and Mal, with the false confidence from the last jump, leaped again but fell short without the help of wind. Mal crashed into the rocks and her blood reddened the bay giving some cause to assert that Malbay was surely named after her. The rocks, now named Hag’s Head, was said to take the shape of Mal’s profile and remains visible to this day.

The Mermaid of Moher

A local man was fishing at the Cliffs of Moher and noticed a mermaid. He struck up a conversation with her but soon set his sights on her magic cloak. As the two talked, the man grabbed the cloak and ran for his house. Needing the cloak to make her return to sea, the mermaid followed the man back to his house but couldn’t find the cloak for it was well hidden. With little options left, the mermaid agreed to marry the man and the two would soon have a son and daughter together. However, the mermaid would not forget her magic cloak. Years later, while the man was out fishing, the mermaid found her cloak, left for the sea, and the man, nor their kids ever saw her again.

The Corpse Eating Eel

The Cliffs of Moher are situated in the parish of Kilmacreehy which is named after the Irish saint Macreehy. Legend has it that Macreehy killed quite the eel. The eel is said to have ventured into the cemetery just beyond the village of Liscannor to feed on the corpses. Macreehy, seeking to protect his fallen friends, killed the eel. Two stones of the cliffs, only visible during low tide, are said to mark the saint's bed. A carving of the eel appeared on a stone in Kimacreehy for generations until it recently completed faded.

The Lost City of Kilstiffen

The city has also been called Cill Stuifin, Kilstpheen, Kilstuitheen, Cill Stuithin, and Cill Stuifin. The city sank when the chieftain lost the golden key that opened the castle doors. The city is said to remain underwater until the key is returned, which has yet to happen. Some say the key lays under the ogam-inscribed gravestone on Slieve Callan, east of Milltown Malbay while others claimed the key was in a lake on top of a mountain. Many have claimed to see the city shining below the surface while others say the city rises every seven years. The legend has it that if someone witnesses the city above water they will die before it rises again in seven years. Within the reef of Lisacannor Bay, there are submerged forests and bogs, which many believe to be the basis for this legend.

Read more:11 places in Ireland you have to visit (VIDEO)

The Leap of the Foals

Saint Patrick’s introduction of Christianity to Ireland ended the prominence of Celtic practices. Tuatha De Danann, the pantheon of Celtic deities, were obviously angered by the explosion of Christianity and in protest, they turned themselves into horses. They galloped to Kilcornan where they took refuge in the caves for centuries. Finally, seven foals emerged from the caves but, having been in the darkness for years, were immediately spooked by the sunlight. They galloped along the edge of the cliffs and eventually plummeted to their death. The same spot where the fell is today known as Aill Na Searrach, or The Cliff of the Foals.

What legends have you heard surrounding the Cliffs of Moher? Have you ever visited the cliffs themselves? Share your thoughts in the comment section, below.

* Originally published in 2015.


JFK’s daughter and grandchildren remember his legacy on 100th birthday

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Daughter of President John F. Kennedy, Caroline Kennedy has revealed she misses her father every day in a new video presented alongside JFK’s grandchildren ahead of the former president’s 100th birthday on Monday, May 29.

Joined by her children, Rose Kennedy Schlossberg, 28, Tatiana Kennedy Schlossberg, 27, and John “Jack” Kennedy Schlossberg, 24, the 59-year-old speaks about her memories of being with her father in the White House before his tragic assassination in November 1963.

“I’ve thought about him, and missed him, every day of my life,” said Caroline, the only living child of President John F. Kennedy and his wife Jackie Kennedy Onassis.

“Growing up without him was made easier by all the people who kept him in their hearts, who told me that he inspired them to work and fight and believe in a better world, to give something back to this country that has given so much to so many,” continued the former US Ambassador to Japan, who has recently sparked rumors of having her sights set on her own Senate seat.

The attorney and diplomat also recalls lovely stories from the short years she had with her father, hiding beneath his desk in the Oval Office and having him play tricks on her while on vacation.

"As my father said in his inaugural address, 'This work will not be finished in our lifetime, it's up to us to continue to pass these values onto our children and grandchildren,'” she continues.

Read more: How is John F. Kennedy's 100th birthday being celebrated in the US?

JFK, the 35th President of the United States, was just 46 years old when he was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, never meeting his grandchildren but as part of his centennial celebration, his descendants have spoken about the massive influence his legacy has played in their lives and inspired them for the future.

"One of the defining relationships of my life is with someone I've never met, my grandfather, President John F. Kennedy," said Tatiana Kennedy Schlossberg.

"But while my grandfather had reverence for the past, and the lessons it could impart, he also knew that America was a country where change was possible. That we aren't bound solely by tradition if we understand the past with which we are breaking."

Tatiana’ older sister Rose, who bears a strong resemblance to her grandmother Jackie Kennedy, also speaks about how she feels inspired by her grandfather’s determination to change America.

"I hope everyone, regardless of age or party, will remember what President Kennedy told America, decades ago: This nation was founded by men of many nations and backgrounds,” Rose states.

“It was founded on the principle that all men are created equal and the rights of every man are diminished once the rights of one man are threatened.”

Read more: Caroline Kennedy does not rule out White House bid

The youngest grandchild of JFK Jack Kennedy Schlossberg follows his sisters, highlighting, in particular, how climate change is an issue he felt John F. Kennedy would take head on.

"My generation will inherit a complicated world, with countless, unsolved problems. Climate change is just one of them,” he said.

"He [JFK] recognized that only if America leads the world in solving global problems, can we make sure that it's done right.”

“As his family, we’re so proud of what my father stood for during his life and how powerful those values remain today,” Caroline Kennedy concludes.

Read more: Caroline Kennedy’s son looks exactly like JFK Jr.

“I hope that these reflections on President Kennedy’s life and his influence on those of us who share his legacy will encourage people across the United States to look at challenges in their own corner of the world and seek solutions that heal, lift up the forgotten, and make a difference in the lives of others.”

If he had lived, this Memorial Day, Monday, May 29, President John F. Kennedy would have celebrated his 100th birthday. In his memory, events are being held across the country to celebrate his life’s achievements. You can find a rundown of the various events taking place throughout this week here.

Would you like to see the next generation of Kennedy’s run for political office? Let us know your thoughts in the comments section, below.

Trump and JFK are very similar in many ways

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Historian Jonathan Lewis says Presidents John F. Kennedy and Donald Trump have some “pretty noticeable similarities.” On the surface, the youngest ever US President in history and the oldest are chalk and cheese, but he maintains there are some interesting parallels between them.

Talking to Fox News, Lewis said the way the two Presidents both used the modern media to communicate: JFK used the still new medium of television to “speak directly to the American people” where Trump uses, “social media, and specifically Twitter to speak to the American people in a way never before done. They’re both disruptors and I think that’s critically important. JFK viewed his predecessor Eisenhower as being slow moving and behind the times in foreign policy. Trump’s the same, he views Obama as slow moving and behind the times!”

He also said that the two were viewed with suspicion by people in both their respective parties and that, “neither one is an ideologue… that’s a reason for optimism because being flexible is critical.”

Read more: What you should know about John F Kennedy

Lewis also said that both seemed to be interventionist in economic matters – Trump because of his habit of tweeting about American companies and Kennedy for denouncing the steel industry during his presidency for raising prices.

He also says that JFK “stumbled” in foreign policy and wonders if Trump might do the same. Both nominated Secretaries of State with impressive private sector resumes but no actual experience in diplomacy.

When asked whether as a historian he worried about the consequences of Trump’s tweeting Lewis said, “I worry about the unintended consequences of communication strategies and so, therefore, we have to be worried about the tweeting… Some of Trump’s tweets have been national security related.”

Lewis is not the only commentator to draw a parallel between Trump and Kennedy. Recently Bill Gates said Trump’s novel communication style could energize Americans behind his leadership.

"A lot of his [Trump] message has been about ... where he sees things not as good as he'd like.

"But in the same way, President Kennedy talked about the space mission and got the country behind that."

The Microsoft founder spoke recently with the president-elect and said he hoped Trump’s presidency would push innovation, “The key point I was pushing there was the opportunity for innovation in not only energy but also medicine and education and encouraging the idea that that’s a great deal and a great thing for American leadership.”

Read more: JFK deeply wanted Irish freedom and told an audience of Irish Americans so

* Originally published in January 2017. 

Did JFK's Irish driver cause his death?

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Even as we approach President John F. Kennedy's 100th birthday, the mystery and drama surrounding his life and death continue to keep you all intrigued with discovering as much as we can about the Kennedy family and their lives. There are many Irish links to this most famous of Irish American families but one Irish man, in particular, may have played a less than a favorable part in young Jack Kennedy's death. 

The book "The Kennedy Detail: JFK's Secret Service Agents Break Their Silence", which includes contributions from Clint Hill, the secret service agent closest to President John F. Kennedy on the day of his assassination, also focuses on another member of the detail: The President's driver, William Greer, a native of County Tyrone. 

Greer’s actions that day remain controversial, so much so that some crazed conspiracy buffs have claimed that he was the one to shoot Kennedy because he was an Ulster Protestant who disliked Kennedy’s Catholic faith - a fact his son admitted to. The truth is that Greer acted badly once the shots rang out.

Instead of accelerating, as he was trained to do, he actually slowed the car down to a near stop, before he was forced to accelerate by Clint Hill who screamed at him to get to a hospital. Greer subsequently said that he did accelerate but the famous Zapruder home movie proves the case against him as well as numerous eyewitnesses.



Kenneth O'Donnell (special assistant to Kennedy), who was riding in the motorcade, later wrote: "If the Secret Service men in the front had reacted quicker to the first two shots at the President's car, if the driver had stepped on the gas before instead of after the fatal third shot was fired, would President Kennedy be alive today?"

He also stated that after the death of the president, "Greer had been remorseful all day, feeling that he could have saved President Kennedy's life by swerving the car or speeding suddenly after the first shots."

Read more: Jackie believed Lyndon B. Johnson had John F. Kennedy killed


Senator Ralph Yarborough was riding with Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, and was very critical of the response of Greer: "When the noise of the shot was heard, the motorcade slowed to what seemed to me a complete stop.

"After the third shot was fired, but only after the third shot was fired, the cavalcade speeded up, gained speed rapidly, and roared away to the Parkland Hospital.

"The cars all stopped ... I don't want to hurt anyone's feelings but for the protection of future Presidents, they (the Secret Service) should be trained to take off when a shot is fired."

William Greer was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1910. His family came to the United States when he was quite young. He joined the Navy and later joined the secret service. He worked as a driver for Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy.

On November 22, 1963, Greer was assigned to drive the presidential car in the motorcade.

Greer later denied he had stopped the car.

He said, "I heard this noise. And I thought that is what it was. And then I heard it again. And I glanced over my shoulder. And I saw Governor Connally like he was starting to fall. Then I realized there was something wrong. I tramped on the accelerator, and at the same time Mr. Kellerman said to me, 'Get out of here fast.' And I cannot remember even the other shots or noises that was. I cannot quite remember any more. I did not see anything happen to me anymore, because I was occupied with getting away."

His son, Richard Greer, was interviewed in 1991 and added to the conspiracy theory. When asked, "What did your father think of JFK?" Richard responded: "Well, we're Methodists... and JFK was Catholic...”

Read more: What you should know about John F Kennedy

* Originally published in 2013.

Letter JFK wrote to his lover a month before he died

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A letter that John F. Kennedy allegedly wrote to a woman believed to be his lover went up for auction, in June 2016. The woman was later found murdered and a secret diary she had of the alleged affair disappeared.

The letter, which was never sent, was meant for Mary Pinchot Meyer, a family friend thought to be romantically linked to the former President. Meyer was an accomplished artist whose work was considered increasingly valuable at the time of her death. She met Kennedy through Robert Kennedy when he sold his house to close friends of hers.

Famed Washington Post Editor Benjamin Bradlee, her brother-in-law, subsequently wrote that she was indeed involved romantically with Kennedy and often met with him when Jackie was out of town.

Meyer was murdered in 1964 taking her daily walk by a Georgetown area canal. A suspect, Ray Crump, an African American who was arrested at the scene, was subsequently acquitted.

The existence of Meyer's diary became known to Bradlee, who was married to Mary Pinchot Meyer's sister Toni. He went to Meyer's home to break in and grab the diary after she died and found CIA Director of counter-intelligence James Angleton, who also knew Meyer, already there sawing off the lock. Meyer's husband had also been a CIA operative.

Bradlee took possession of the diary, which has never been made public. It is alleged the diary was eventually given to the CIA who burned it.

The Kennedy affair with Meyer is described as "very dangerous" by journalist and Kennedy close friend Charles Bartlett who stated: "This was a dangerous relationship, Jack was in love with Mary Meyer. He was heavily smitten. He was very frank with me about it."

The unsent letter from Kennedy thus has real historical import. The top of the White House stationary is cut off, but a faded watermark is visible, The New York Times reports.

Although the letter is undated, it is believed to be from October 1963, a month before Kennedy was assassinated.

The letter reads: 

"Why don’t you leave suburbia for once — come and see me — either here — or at the Cape next week or in Boston the 19th. I know it is unwise, irrational, and that you may hate it — on the other hand, you may not — and I will love it. You say that it is good for me not to get what I want. After all of these years — you should give me a more loving answer than that. Why don’t you just say yes.

According to R.R. Auction, which is based in Boston, the letter is estimated to sell for at least $30,000. The auction will open on June 16 and end on June 23.

R.R. Auction executive vice-president Robert Livingston said it although Kennedy was in Boston on Oct. 19, it is unknown if he actually met with Meyer.

“It’s something you wouldn’t expect to see from a president,” he said. “And the fact that he didn’t send it, obviously he came to his senses.”

He said that the president’s secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, who served as an unofficial archivist, saving Kennedy’s documents, identified Meyer as the intended recipient.

On Oct. 13, 1964, Meyer was shot and killed in Georgetown. Raymond Crump Jr. was charged with her murder but was found not guilty. Her murder has never been solved.

The letter is being sold by the estate of Bob White, who bought many of Kennedy’s belongings from Evelyn Lincoln and was bequeathed more after her death in 1995.

Top five female Irish heroes from history (PHOTOS)

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Queen Maeve of Connacht

According to Irish mythology in pre-Christian times Queen Maeve led the warriors of Connacht into battle to claim the most famous bull in Ireland. The tale is known as the Cattle Raid of Cooley.

Her husband, up to that point, had the best bull in Ireland, but she heard the Cooley bull was better and set out successfully to capture it. Along the way Maeve battled boy warrior Cuchulainn, who single-handedly battled Maeve’s army.

Maeve was married, but her husband must not have been the jealous type as she had many lovers.

Grace O’Malley

The Pirate Queen (1530 – 1603) was Grace O’Malley of the famed O’Malley clan of Mayo. Her father was a chieftain and sea trader and she learned how to handle herself on his ships.

Striking out on her own she became known as the Pirate Queen capturing English ships and taking their cargo.

The English moved against her, but she went to London and met the Virgin Queen, Elizabeth the First, who recalled her armies and released O’Malley's family who were being held by the English. She lived to a ripe old age.

Grace O’Malley was the subject of a Broadway show a few years back called “The Pirate Queen.”

Countess Markievicz

Constance Gore Booth was an unlikely 1916 revolutionary. She was from wealthy Anglo Irish stock and grew up on a rich estate in Sligo. She married a Polish count.

However, she soon identified with Irish nationalism and became a major player in the Irish Citizen Army, founded by James Connolly, and dedicated her life to the poor.

She fought at St Stephen’s Green in 1916 and was sentenced to death, which was later commuted. She was the Minister for Labour in the first Irish government, only the second woman in Europe to get a government ministerial role. She fought on the Republican side in the Irish Civil War. She died in 1927 at 59 from complications from appendicitis.

Maud Gonne

A contemporary of Countess Markievicz. Born to wealth in Britain she discovered her revolutionary zeal in France and then went to Ireland. She founded the Daughters of Ireland and had a long and tempestuous affair with WB Yeats but refused to marry him.

In 1918 she almost died after being arrested for nationalist agitation. She married 1916 revolutionary Major Sean MacBride and their son Sean MacBride won the Nobel Prize for peace.

Betsy Gray

Betsy Gray (died 1798) was an Ulster-Scots Presbyterian peasant girl from outside Lisburn in Co. Antrim in what is today Northern Ireland who was killed as part of the 1798 Rebellion of the United Irishmen. She is the subject of many folk ballads and poems written since her time down to the present day.

She fought in the Battle of Ballynahinch against the Yeomanry and was killed in retreat along with her brother and lover. She had her right hand cut off before she was decapitated.

She is a folk hero to all in Ulster, with both loyalists and republicans claiming her as their own, as typified by the centenary celebrations in 1898 where locals broke a monument to her sooner than let Nationalists, who traveled from Belfast, have a ceremony in her honor.

* Originally published in 2014. 

Robert F. Kennedy believed JFK was killed because of him

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Robert F. Kennedy had his own suspicions regarding the assassination of his brother, President John F Kennedy, in 1963, and may have felt partly responsible.  He also uttered the prophetic words “I knew they’d get one of us, I thought it would be me.” President Kennedy’s 99th birthday is today, May 29th.

Robert F. Kennedy, the U.S. Attorney General at the time, had spent the morning of November 22, 1963, at a Justice Department conference on fighting against organized crime and had invited U.S. Attorney Robert Morgenthau and an aide, back to his home, Hickory Hill in McLean, Va., for a private lunch. 

In an interview, Morgenthau recalled that at 1:45 pm, Bobby got the call. Kennedy’s wife Ethel called over to him, and told him FBI director J. Edgar Hoover was on the line. Kennedy raced over to the phone and heard the devastating news.

“Jack’s been shot in Dallas,” said Kennedy. “It may be fatal.”

According to the Boston Globe, several documents released over the past two decades have revealed what Bobby Kennedy was going through following his brother’s assassination.

Morgenthau believed Bobby Kennedy was haunted by doubt and questions for the rest of his life. “Was there something I could have done to prevent it? Was there something I did to encourage it? Was I to blame?”

Harris Wofford, JFK’s civil rights adviser in the White House and a former senator from Pennsylvania, knew Robert F Kennedy intimately.

“I think he carried a lot of potential guilt,” he said.

Credit:Library of Congress

Bobby Kennedy even had reason to believe he may have been the ultimate target.

The Boston Globe reported: “Walking the grounds of Hickory Hill just an hour after receiving confirmation of his brother’s death, Bobby confided in an aide something truly unsettling. That aide, Edwin Guthman, would later recount it in his book “We Band of Brothers.” ‘I thought they would get one of us,” Bobby said, adding, “I thought it would be me.’”

“In the five years between his brother’s murder and his own assassination in 1968, Bobby Kennedy voiced public support for the findings of the Warren Commission, namely that a pathetic, attention-seeking gunman had alone been responsible for the murder of President Kennedy. Privately, though, Bobby was dismissive of the commission, seeing it, in the words of his former press secretary, as a public relations tool aimed at placating a rattled populace.” 

Although there is no indication that Robert Kennedy found evidence to prove a wider conspiracy, his actions after hearing the news of the assassination, show that he focused his attention on “three areas of suspicion”: Cuba, the Mafia and the CIA. In the hours and days immediately following his Jack’s death, Bobby called a Secret Service agent to make sure there was a priest at his brother’s side, called Defense Secretary Robert McNamara to arrange transport for him to Dallas, called family members, and took a call from John McCone, the director of the Central Intelligence Agency.

McCone arrived from CIA headquarters to Bobby’s estate. Robert Kennedy would later tell historian and aide Arthur Schlesinger that he asked McCone if the CIA “had killed my brother, and I asked him in a way that he couldn’t lie to me, and they hadn’t.” 

According to Schlesinger’s biography, “Robert Kennedy and His Times,” although McCone would come to believe there had been two shooters involved in the assassination, he didn’t think the CIA was in any way involved.

“But McCone almost certainly didn’t know the whole truth,” the Globe writes. “In the wake of the Bay of Pigs, the botched attempted invasion of Cuba orchestrated by the CIA, JFK had forced out the agency’s founding director, Allen Dulles, and replaced him with McCone, an outsider. At the same time, the president put his brother in charge of trying to ride herd on the powerful and unwieldy intelligence agency while also overseeing the administration’s interdepartmental Cuba team. The attorney general often began his days with meetings at CIA headquarters in Langley.”

David Talbot, an investigative journalist and author of the book “Brothers,” says that Robert became “JFK’s principal emissary to the dark side of American power.” Meaning that Bobby knew more about the “underbelly of the CIA, especially in relation to Cuba” than did McCone.

Robert Kennedy would call Julius Draznin, a Chicago lawyer for the National Labor Relations Board. 

The Globe reports: “Bobby knew Draznin had impeccable mob sources, so he asked him to do some digging to determine if there had been any Mafia involvement in the assassination. ‘I called him back in a couple of days,’ Draznin later told Evan Thomas, author of “Robert Kennedy: His Life.” ‘There was nothing.’”

As chief counsel of the Senate Rackets Committee in the 1950s, Robert Kennedy had interrogated leading gangsters, including Jimmy Hoffa, who became his chief nemeses during the hearings, and exposed the connections between the mob and American labor unions.

“Bobby had been unrelenting in his war against these mob and labor leaders, ignoring the admonition of his father to choose less violence-prone targets and dismissing the underworld threats against his own life. Instead, Bobby had doubled down, even persuading his brother Jack, then a senator, to join the cause…

“After Jack became president and he attorney general, Bobby wasted little time in leveraging the full force of the Justice Department to try to crush these corrupt characters. Now, as he strode around Hickory Hill, reeling from the news of the assassination, Bobby couldn’t help but wonder if one of them had been behind it.”

According to a Teamster middle-manager turned FBI informant, a year earlier Hoffa had said: “I’ve got to do something about that son of a bitch Bobby Kennedy. He’s got to go.” 

However, Walter Sheridan, who had been Robert Kennedy’s aide-de-camp in the mob war since the Rackets Committee, told Bobby that he was unable to find any evidence lining Hoffa to the assassination.

Around the time of the assassination, mob leader and Hoffa associate Carlos Marcello was on trial in New Orleans. It was the second deportation for the mafia leader, the culmination of a three-year effort by Robert Kennedy’s team to get him out of the country. 

Florida mob boss Santo Trafficante Jr was a “former big-time Havana casino owner who lost millions when Castro took over Cuba,” who shared a lawyer with Hoffa — Frank Ragano. Ragano,in his book “Mob Lawyer” wrote how Hoffa had instructed him in the summer of 1963 to tell Trafficante and Marcello that it was time to kill the president. Ragano says he though Hoffa was only venting and delivered the message “jokingly” but “the mobsters seemed to take it much more seriously.”

Marcello would be acquitted in New Orleans the same day the president was killed.

“While serving time later in life, he was caught on a federal wiretap confessing to an FBI informant that he’d had JFK killed, according to FBI files released under the JFK Records Act of 1992.Trafficante is also alleged to have made a deathbed confession of his involvement to his lawyer, expressing regret that maybe the gun should have been pointed at Bobby.”

Historian David Kaiser, the author of “The Road to Dallas,” said in an nterview that he believed Marcello, Trafficante, and possibly Chicago mob boss Sam Giancana, who shared a mistress with JFK, were likely at the behest of Hoffa, all involved in putting in motion the assassination of the president.

The Globe reports: “It hadn’t taken long on Nov. 22 for speculation to focus on the possible involvement of Fidel Castro given the Kennedy administration’s repeated attempts to oust or assassinate the Communist leader. That speculation only intensified after the arrest of Lee Harvey Oswald, whose record of pro-Castro agitation quickly came to light. Yet it’s intriguing that Bobby’s suspicion of possible Cuban involvement seemed to focus squarely on the anti-Castro crowd….” 

“…Bobby knew how furious many members of the exile community had become with the Kennedys, based on the administration’s failure to go all out in the effort to topple Castro. The Kennedy brothers had refused to launch a full-scale military invasion of the island nation, and by 1963 had even begun authorizing some back-channel efforts toward compromise with both Castro and his Soviet benefactors. This, Bobby knew, would be viewed as intolerable by the most hard-line Cuban exiles.”

The Boston Globe writes: “As Bobby’s post-assassination suspicions appeared to bounce from Cuba to the Mafia to the CIA, he surely had to confront the reality that the lines separating all three had become increasingly blurry…”

 “…There was actually a long secret alliance between the country’s covert intelligence agency and the underworld. In fact, it was older than the CIA itself.”

Recently released files have that Marcello, Trafficante, Giancana, were all involved, at varying levels, in the CIA-Mafia plots to get Castro. 

So why wouldn’t the conspirators have simply gone after Robert Kennedy instead of JFK?

“It is all a matter of speculation, but there could have been a very practical explanation for a more circuitous path. If Bobby had been assassinated, historians point out, his brother could have been expected to marshal every ounce of his prodigious federal power to exact revenge on the murderers and their benefactors. And because the victim would not just be the country’s crusading attorney general but also the president’s brother, the public would have surely given Jack Kennedy a blank check of support for a crackdown on whatever dark forces he determined were responsible,” the Globe argues.

Rex Bradford, a curator of a vast digitized archive of nearly 1 million documents maintained by the Mary Ferrell Foundation, says that many of the recently released documents “strengthen the hypothesis that ‘hard-line intelligence people, hard-liners on Cuba’ were somehow involved in the assassination, with ‘mob people tied into that same milieu.’”

Following JFK’s assassination, Robert Kennedy stayed in his position as attorney general for a little while longer but his head and heart were no longer in the job.

In 1968, Kennedy would become the leading candidate for the Democratic nomination for the presidency. On June 5, 1968, after scoring a major victory in winning the California primary, he was shot by Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian. He died the following day.

Equal rights for women in ancient Ireland

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Queen Medb of Connacht is arguably the most famous female character in Irish mythology. Her story is told in the Cattle Raid of Cooley, or Táin Bó Cúailnge in Irish. In it, she competes with her husband, Aillil, over which of them possesses the greatest wealth, and demands the use of Donn Cúailnge, the big brown bull belonging to neighbouring King Dáire mac Fiachna. When he refuses, she has no hesitation in leading her armies into battle to get it.

The very fact that this story has survived culling at the hands of the Christian monks, who fixed the old oral tales in ink on parchment, is testament to how highly she was regarded by the Irish people. She did not escape unscathed, however; the story focusses not so much on her good deeds, but the perceived weaknesses of womanhood; she is depicted as headstrong, ambitious, promiscuous, greedy, jealous and vengeful, everything a good Christian woman should not be.

We may never know how accurate this portrayal of Medb is, but it does indicate that in ancient Ireland, not only could women be Queens, but they could lead armies, be warriors and druids, possess wealth and property in their own right, and engage in marriage on an equal footing with their husbands.

The Brehon Law corroborates this. According to legend, High King Cormac mac Airt was responsible for collating all the laws from oral tradition and establishing the Brehon Law. Cormac did not come to power until his thirtieth year, by which time he was already well known for his wisdom.

Brehon means ‘official lawgiver, ’and the profession which handled matters of law were known as brithem, which means ‘judge’. In the fifth century, St. Patrick distilled these laws down to five volumes, removing and discarding those which did not fit with Christian doctrine. These tomes were known collectively as the Senchas Mór. English rule in the seventeenth century finally banished these laws once and for all, replacing them instead with their own feudal system.

The Brehon Law was a system well ahead of its time. It was all about equality and democracy, and was based on a complex system of fines instead of corporal punishment. It covered everything from matters of commerce, crime, healthcare, the ownership of property to marital and family law, and equal rights.

Women were entitled to enter all the same professions as men; they could be Druids, poets, physicians, lawgivers, teachers, warriors, leaders, even Queens. The mythological stories are littered with such references to women of power.

For example, when Nuada led the Tuatha de Danann in their invasion of Ireland, his wife Macha fought fiercely at his side in both Battles of Moytura. In fact, in the second battle, when Nuada fell under the Fomori Giant-King Balor’s sword, she stood over his body and protected him as well as she could before she too was struck down. Macha is also credited as being part of the triad of the Morrigan, warrior Goddess of battle, strife and sovereignty.

It is interesting to note that Ireland’s two most legendary mythical heroes, Cuchullain and Fionn mac Cumhall were both taught their warrior skills by women.

Cuchulain travelled to the home of Scathach, a female teacher of the battle arts, who lived on an island off the coast of Alba (Scotland). Her fame had spread far and wide, and many came to her to study and hone their military skills. She had, however, made an enemy in the form of Aoife, a former student. On one occasion, Cuchulain took Scathach’s place in a contest of single combat against Aoife, seemingly unfazed at the prospect of fighting a woman.

Fionn mac Cumhall was raised in secret in the forests of the Slieve Bloom mountains by his Druidess aunt, Bodhmall, and warrior woman, Liath Luachra. When Bodhmall had taught him all the druid lore she knew, Fionn continued his studies with the Druid Finegas on the banks of the River Boyne. Liath Luachra means ‘Gray of Luachair’, but there is very little known about her, other than that she taught Fionn how to hunt and fight, both skills for which he was renowned and unmatched. Clearly, she did a good job.

Like Cuchulain, Fionn also had quite an astonishing battle with a woman. She was Ogermach, fierce warrior-daughter of the King of Greece, and had sailed with Daire Donn, King of the World, to invade Ireland. They fought long and hard before Fionn finally succeeded in striking off her head.

The Goddess Brigid is another example of the power of the female. Not only was she well known for her healing skills, but she was also renowned for her poetic prowess, and patron of the forge, not commonly thought of as ‘women’s work’.

Airmid was also a famous healer. Born into a medical family of the Tuatha de Denann, she was daughter of Dian-Cecht, Nuada’s physician. It was he who replaced Nuada’s arm with a replacement of silver, when the king was injured in battle. Dian-Cecht’s son, Miach, was eventually able to grow skin over the metal contraption, a feat his father was so jealous of, he attacked and killed his own son.

Airmid’s skills lay in herbal lore. She collected and studied all the herbs of Ireland, categorising them according to their medicinal properties. Unfortunately, her father came and scattered all her herbs far and wide, so that her hard won knowledge was lost.

Women could be lawgivers, too. Brigid Brethach (Brigid of the Judgements), also known as Ambue, the ‘cowless’ or ‘propertyless’, served King Conchobar mac Nessa as his lawyer. She was said to have granted women the right to inherit land from their fathers, and was also associated with various other women’s causes in ancient law.

Irish mythology is liberally sprinkled with tales of the deeds of Female Druids; Biróg is a Druidess who, in one version of the myth, was involved in saving the baby Lugh from being drowned by his grandfather, Balor; Tlachtga was the daughter of Mog Ruith, a powerful blind sorcerer, associated with the Hill of Ward and the November 1st fire festival of Samhain; Bé Chuille was a Danann Druidess who was involved in the defeat of Carman, the Celtic witch; Queen Medb was warned by the Danann Druidess and Seer, Fedelma, of the defeat of her army.

Unlike much of the rest of the ancient world, where women were considered pretty much as their husbands’ property, the women of Ireland enjoyed equal status in marriage with their husbands.

She retained possession of all her own properties that she brought with her to the marriage. She had the right to divorce him, if he did not fulfil his marital obligations, and if she so, she was entitled to take with her all her own possessions and half of their joint property, plus a portion for damages.

We know from the stories we have inherited that men and women frequently chose lovers, and perhaps changed marriage partners just as often. There seems to have been no stigma in this. We can’t be sure that marriages were even intended as life-long commitments then, as they are today. Take, for example, the tradition of ‘hand-fasting’, which in Ireland dates back to the Tailten Games originally set up by Lugh to honour the death of his foster mother, Tailtiu.

Young men and women would line up either side of a wall so that neither side could see the other. The girls would put their hand through a hole in the wall, and the man waiting on the other side would take it. This indicated their promise to live together as man and wife for a year and a day. If the marriage didn’t work out, they attended the next Tailten Fair for a deed of separation. Then, if they so desired, they were free to try their luck again.

Medb herself had several husbands and many lovers. The Goddess Boann, after whom the River Boyne is named, had an affair with the Dagda while she was still married to Elcmar. She became pregnant with his son, Aengus. In order to conceal the pregnancy, the Dagda stopped the sun in the sky which made the day last nine months, so that in effect, Aengus was conceived, gestated and delivered all in one day.

High King Cormac mac Airt gave his daughter, Deirdre, in marriage to the aging Fionn mac Cumhall in order to cement their alliance. Although she agreed, she changed her mind pretty quickly when she met the far younger, handsome and charming Diarmuid, for she eloped with him on the very night of her wedding to poor Fionn.

---

Ali Isaac lives in beautiful rural Co Cavan in Ireland, and is the author of two books based on Irish mythology, “Conor Kelly and The Four Treasures of Eirean,” and “Conor Kelly and The Fenian King.” Ali regularly posts on topics of Irish interest on her blog, www.aliisaacstoryteller.com

*Originally published in 2014


Bobby Kennedy and Marilyn Monroe affair confirmed by letter

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A letter was found recently that appears to confirm the long-held rumor that Bobby Kennedy and Marilyn Monroe had an affair.

In the two-page letter, which was written in the early 1960s, Jean Kennedy Smith, the sister of President John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy, writes to Monroe: 'Understand that you and Bobby are the new item! We all think you should come with him when he comes back East!'

Gossip about the couple’s relationship began after the two were photographed together at a number events. However, there was no concrete evidence to confirm they were in a romantic relationship.

Those who were present at JFK’s 45th birthday party in 1962, in which Monroe sang ‘Happy Birthday,’ have said that the actress went after Bobby Kennedy right in front of his wife Ethel.

“She literally pinned him against he wall, and she had him trapped,” claimed pollster Lou Harris.

“Ethel got so disgusted. When she got him home, she said, ‘That's the most disgusting thing I've ever seen.’”

Read more:Bobby Kennedy, a healer between the races needed more than ever in US

The letter was auctioned, along with some other personal items belonging to Monroe, in Beverly Hills, California on November 17, the Daily Mail reports.

“There's always speculation about her relationship with the Kennedys and this speaks to the fact that there was in fact a relationship between Robert Kennedy and Marilyn Monroe,” said Martin Nolan, executive director of Julien's Auctions.

Other items up for auction included a receipt for a bottle of champagne, Monroe’s 1947 contract with Twentieth Century Fox, and a recipe for stuffing jotted down on a slip of paper with an insurance company's letterhead. Also up for sale is her final checkbook, which shows payments to the window cleaner, her maid and the New York Telephone Co., and $200 to herself marked as “cash for trips.”

“Marilyn kept everything. She was a hoarder,” said Nolan.

“She bought a pound of butter, she bought a bottle of tonic water she kept the receipt. It's incredible. We have a pair of strap sandals that she wore when she was Norma Jean, probably 1943, 1945. And all the money she made and how famous she became and she kept those.”

The auction also had items for sale that the public has never seen before, including a first-edition, hand-bound, 1957 volume of Monroe's third husband Arthur Miller's plays dedicated to her.

*Originally published in October 2016

22,000 Irish suffer from undiagnosed Celtic blood disease

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As many as 22,000 Irish people could be suffering from a potentially deadly disorder and not even know it.

Haemochromatosis is a disease caused by an overload of iron. It is essentially the opposite of the more well-known condition, anemia, which is caused by a lack of iron in the blood.

Haemochromatosis, which can only be uncovered with a proper blood test, is a genetic condition which causes people to absorb excessive amounts of dietary iron, leading in time to serious organ damage. The disease is especially prevalent among the Irish and other Celtic people.

On in 400 people in Europe have the chance to develop the condition, whereas in Ireland the chances of getting it, according to the Irish Mirror.

One fifth of people in Ireland carry the genes to develop the condition.

Conor Kenny, a 56-year-old business strategist from Ballinteer in Dublin, was diagnosed in December. 

He told the Irish Mirror: “My brother was diagnosed with it. Out of five children, three of us had it.

“I had none of the symptoms, I didn’t think that I had it but I did.

“It created a lot of fear, I got into a, ‘What if, what if?’, way of thinking. When I started [treatment] I was building my life around it.”

He said the initial treatment took its toll on his personal life.

“When I was in my initial phase and had to be de-ironed I was very tired. I normally do a lot of running, I have ran eight marathons, and that fell by the wayside. I am not able to do it [running] now, but once I have finished my treatment I would hope to run again.”

He added that he was grateful he was diagnosed before the condition became serious: “It sounds strange, but it is a ‘good’ disease to get, treatment is simple. It is not a huge deal if it is caught early.

“It becomes part of your routine, you don’t let it define you.”

Said a spokeswoman for the Irish Haemochromatosis Association: “It is very easily diagnosed with a blood test, and if it is picked up, the treatment is very simple.

“You have blood removed, maybe once a month, until your iron levels become normal. You have to be monitored for the rest of your life, but you are fine. If it goes undiagnosed, it damages your vital organs because the iron is too strong.

“There are 22,000 people in Ireland with [the] disorder who have no idea, so we want to create an awareness.”

More information on the disease can be found on The Haemochromatosis Association of Ireland website.

*Originally published in 2014.

Interesting facts about John F. Kennedy in advance of his 100th birthday

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John F. Kennedy would have celebrated his 100th birthday on Memorial Day, Monday, May 29, 2017. In tribute to JFK, the 35th President of the United States, and his centennial year, IrishCentral is looking back on the life and times of the charismatic and intriguing Irish-American leader; from his early years to his rise to the presidency, to his untimely assassination in November 1963 at just 46 years old.

For more on JFK and the Kennedy family, you can visit our special topic page.

President John F. Kennedy, who died on this day (Nov 22) in 1963, captivated the American public and that continues today. Although he has been studied widely, here are a few lesser known and odd facts about this famous president that you might not have come across.

1. 
Kennedy gave all of his presidential salary, $100,000 a year, to charity.

2. He was the first president to dance with African American women at an inaugural ball.

Read more:How is John F. Kennedy's 100th birthday being celebrated in the US?

3. 
Kennedy survived four assassination attempts during his life. A retired postal worker attempted to kill him barely a month after his election by following him from Hyannis Port, MA to Georgetown in Washington, DC to Palm Beach, FL in a car loaded with dynamite. Other plots in Chicago and Tampa were discovered in the weeks before November 22, 1963.

Robert, Ted and John Kennedy.

4.
He received the Last Rites four times in his life. He first received them in 1947 after becoming gravely ill in England and next received them in 1951 when he got a severe fever in Japan. Kennedy got them again in 1954 after back surgery and lastly on November 22, 1963.

5. Kennedy was obsessed with his weight and traveled with a bathroom scale.

Read more: Could Caroline Kennedy be the next Hillary Clinton and run for president?

6. He was an avid fan of James Bond and he wrote his own spy novel about a coup d’etat organized by Vice President Lyndon Johnson.

President John F Kennedy.

7. He bought up to 1,200 high-grade Cuban cigars the day before he ordered a ban on Cuban imports.

8. During WWII his ship PT-109 was sunk and he scratched a message on a coconut husk as part of his efforts to get his crew rescued. He later used the coconut husk as a paperweight in the Oval Office.

John F Kennedy and his daughter Caroline.

9. Kennedy suffered from Addison's Disease, which was potentially fatal in the 1960s. He also suffered from colitis, prostatitis, and osteoporosis of the lower back, which was so severe he struggled to bend over.

10. The driver of his limousine on the day he was shot was Secret Service man and Irishman William Greer form County Tyrone, an Ulster Protestant. Greer was strongly criticized for slowing down rather than accelerating when the first bullet hit as the secret service manual advised.

Read more:What you should know about John F Kennedy

The symbolic meaning of the Celtic cross

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According to popular legend, the Celtic Cross was introduced by St Patrick when he was converting the pagans in Ireland to Christianity. (Although others claim it was St Declan who introduced the cross.)

It has been said that St Patrick combined the Christian cross with the pagan sun to give the newly converted followers the idea of the importance of the cross by linking it with the symbolism of the life-giving properties of the sun, while others say that placing the cross on top of the circle represents Christ's supremacy over the sun, which was worshiped by the pagans.

High crosses at Monasterboice, at Collon, Co. Louth.

Much of the oral history and wisdom of the old Celtic ways has been lost and our understanding of the symbolism of the Celtic Cross today is largely based on Roman writing and Christian monks who transcribed the mythology of the Celts.

According to the website What’s Your Sign, the Celtic Cross represents the meeting place of Divine energies and can be seen as a symbolic compass, offering spiritual navigation.

Read more:The mystery of Irish and Celtic symbols 

“The symbolism of the Celtic cross is indicative of the human desire to know and experience the unfolding mystery of life. The arms of the cross offer four ways to ascension, an invitation to objectively know nature, wisdom, god/goddess, and the self.”

The circles around the intersection of the cross represents unification, totality, wholeness and inclusion.

In the mid-19th century, a Celtic revival led to an increased use of the ringed cross in Ireland, and the Celtic Cross became not only a religious symbol but an emblem of Celtic identity.

Read more:The amazing origins of a giant Celtic cross shape in a Donegal forest

Remarkable film of Magdalene laundry women and nuns surfaces

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In the only known footage to have been filmed from within a Magdalene Laundry, Fr. Jack Delaney has removed part of the mystery about the residents of the Catholic-run institutions in Ireland and the nuns who oversaw them.

A parish priest in an area of working-class Dublin throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Fr. Delaney was said to have been inspired by his local community and filmed their daily goings-on, from the ins and out of tenement life to children playing in the rubble. Within this, he also filmed in the local Sisters of Our Lady of Charity Convent which housed a Magdalene Laundry.

The Magdalene Laundries were institutions established in Ireland first in the 18th century and continued to operate nationwide until the later 20th century. The laundry shot in this Fr. Delaney film didn’t close until 1999.

The institutions were established with the purpose of housing Ireland’s “fallen women”, those who were regarded by the Catholic Church as having had strayed from the moral path by engaging in premarital sex, falling pregnant before marriage, or having been a victim of rape or incest.

In recent years, the treatment of Irish women within the laundries has been a subject of controversy and outrage internationally as the abuse and shame placed on the women, who were often held against their own will, has emerged into the public conscience.

Despite films such as The Magdalene Sisters attempting to recreate life in the laundries, the work of Fr. Delaney is the only real video evidence we have from one of these institutions and of how life was carried out there.

While much of the short nine-minute mute film features on the nuns in the convent, we do see the residents being ordered around the grounds, participating in religious ceremonies and performing in a play. As well as showing the day-to-day lives of these women, it also gives viewers an insight into their dress, their ages, what they looked like, and how they interacted with each other.

Read more: Today marks 19 years since the last Magdalene Laundry in Ireland closed

Born in 1906 into a middle-class family, Father Jack Delaney was ordained in 1930 aged 24. Assigned to the North Dublin inner city parish that included Gloucester Street (now Seán MacDermott Street), Rutland Street and Gardiner Street, Fr. Delaney was properly confronted for the first time with the impoverished and crowded tenement life after his own comfortable upbringing.

He was fascinated with the people in these communities and greatly admired their sense of community and their strength and resilience in the face of hardship. Although he died in 1980, Fr. Delaney’s niece Irene Devitt, along with her late husband John Devitt, deposited her late uncle’s film collection with the Irish Film Institute Irish Film Archive in the 1990s.

You can view more from the Fr. Delaney film collection and from the Irish Film Institute here.

Read more: Mothers imprisoned in Magdalene Laundries remembered with flowers in Galway

What was the news on the day JFK was born?

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John F. Kennedy was born into the world in the middle of tumultuous change and newspaper reports from the day he was born illustrate just that.

In Ireland, the Irish Times reveals a nation gripped by news from the western front and a society divided between unionists, home-rulers and republicans.

After a long weekend, the newspaper informed readers that, “Yesterday was a stay-at-home Whit Monday. There was little or no incentive to the majority of people to spend the holiday far afield from the city.”

The paper had a prolific correspondent in the southeast and is packed with news from Wexford. A 15-year-old boy, we are informed, died after falling from a wagon and a woman was fined for diluting the milk she sold with 18% water.

The stirrings of the War of Independence that would break out after the end of the Great War are chronicled, too.

“Much interest was aroused,” we learn, “in Enniscorthy yesterday in connection with the prosecutions under the Defence of the Realm Act against ten young men and two girls who were charged with using seditious language and singing seditious songs and throwing stones at the police on Sunday, 19th April last, previous to and following the removal of a republican flag from the telegraph wires near the bridge.”

Trouble was also reported in Derryfatter, Roscommon, where “a cyclist who while carrying a Sinn Fein [sic] flag, discharged a number of revolver shots along the road. There were some children on the road at the time.”

For his troubles, the man - and men like him - were denounced from the pulpit by a priest and the Irish Times added tersely, “An old woman with a besom and a bunch of nettles would beat the lot of them.”

Although there were clearly a large number of revolutionary-minded people in Ireland at the time, their opinions do not appear in the paper’s letters’ section.

On the issue of a new Irish constitutional settlement, a George Mansfield from Naas urged that the Parliament repeal, “the present Home Rule Act, which now seems to please nobody.”

Read more: Trump and JFK are very similar in many ways

The awarding of a military cross from the Irish Times.

News of the war also features heavily; Italy’s recent campaign successes were reported in clearly thrilled detail.

“The brilliant development of General Cardorna’s offensive against the Austrians has given an entirely new aspect to this campaign,” the report begins.

The issue of Canadian conscription is also chronicled, “[after] the recent visit of the Dominion Prime Minister, Sir Robert Borden, to the Canadian Forces in France… He found that the great concern of the men there was that the Canadian representation in the field should be maintained in full strength.”

As befitted the paper of record, there are reams of personal and official announcements. The names of those in the British forces mentioned in dispatches are written out in full and the names of the dead dutifully listed in a Roll of Honour.

Captain William Armstrong of Thurles, Co. Tipperary was killed on May 23 we learn and Robert Rennix of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, reported missing after the Battle of the Somme on July 1 last year, is reported dead.

The award to Captain B.C.O. Sheridan of Pembroke St, Dublin of a Military Cross is given an entire article.

Mr. and Mrs. J. Kenny of Raheny, Dublin, welcomed twin girls into the world and Mr. and Mrs. Wilson of Eaton Square, Terenure also became the proud new parents of a baby girl.

The paper reflects clearly the unionist sentiment of most its readers; it contains an advertisement for an Empire Restaurant off Grafton Street promoting its “Empire Buffet”.

Read more: Nearly 1,000 Irish died serving US army in World War I

News of the "fashionable" goings-on from the Irish Times.

It also devotes a large column to what it calls Fashionable Intelligence, which lists the movements of Ireland’s most senior aristocrats - presumably so they knew when each other were in town.

“The Earl of Mayo arrived in London from Ireland,” we are informed. Furthermore, “The Countess of Drogheda has arrived at Moore Abbey, Co Kildare from London.”

The visit of the King, Queen, and Princess Mary to military hospitals is also chronicled in great detail.     

The Ireland of May 29, 1917, was clearly one of the great contradictions. Whilst brimming with sedition against the British Crown, people were also full of worry for the Irishmen fighting of the western front in Crown forces.   

In the United States, the nation had only recently plunged into the Great War and the impact of the conflict was only just beginning to reverberate across the nation. On May 29, the New York Times reported on one of the most consequential results of the war - namely the imposition of the draft on the nation’s young men.

The Times headline announced, ‘5,000 ELECTION OFFICERS PREPARED TO RECORD 600,000 NEW YORKERS ELIGIBLE FOR SERVICE’.

“The plan for registering 600,000 New Yorkers,” the paper wrote, “who are liable for military service under the selective draft law has practically been completed.”

A Roll of Honor from the Irish Times.

The paper also recorded that the family of one of the first American casualties of the war had been informed.

“Harry Canfield [of Caldwell NJ] is either dead or a German prisoner. The message came in a letter to Mrs. Florence Holmes, his sister, who lives with her parents.”

The news was not all somber, however. The recent gains by the Italian army were noted, too. As soldiers pushed along the coast towards Duino, the paper noted the recent victory linked up “what was a precariously held outpost of victory into part of an effectively conquered and well-considered line.”   

An American nurse was also singled out for praise by Britain’s Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig who gave “special mention [in dispatches] for distinguished services [to] Miss E. T. Sharp, a staff nurse in the Harvard Unit of the American nursing service.”

International news was not solely about the raging conflict; it was also recorded that a meeting of Russian Muslims had been held in Moscow and made a supporting “full rights for women and the abolition of polygamy.”

Read more: What you should know about John F Kennedy

Closer to home, news from the suffragette movement was also noted; under the heading ‘SUFFRAGE GAINS IN SOUTH’ the paper recorded a visit by the feminist Alice Paul to the south to drum up support for votes to women.

“The women of the south are not thoroughly organized,” said Miss Paul, “but they are enthusiastic. I did not hear one plea for state’s rights in regard to women’s suffrage.”

The Civil War’s long shadow was still clearly felt by the America of JFK’s birth.

Nor did the NYT ignore local news either; the very special anniversary of an Irish clergyman was noted in the pages by the heading “40 YEARS IN PRIESTHOOD: PROTESTANT CLERGYMAN HELP FATHER DONNELLY OF FLUSHING CELEBRATE”.

Guests at the celebration, the paper wrote,  totaled “fully 1,000 members of the Catholic and Protestant churches in and around Flushing L.I.”

Gaelic games also featured in the sports pages; readers were informed that “The annual field day games of the Cork men’s society will be held next Sunday at Celtic Park. The Kilkenny and Cork teams will meet in a football fray and Limerick will meet Cork in a hurling match.”

Amid so much change in the world, that is perhaps the sole report that could just as well have happened today as 100 years ago.

H/T:The Irish Times

How JFK prevented nuclear war over Cuba and Castro

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At 8:45 AM on October 16, 1962, National Security Advisor McGeorge Bundy alerted President John F. Kennedy that a major international crisis was at hand. For the young president, it was an incredible test.

Russia had secretly placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles from the Florida coast. America could soon be under deadly attack. His adversary Nikita Kruschev was certain he had the measure of the young president. But Kennedy would prove him wrong.

He had learned to be wary of the military experts after the botched invasion of Cuban exiles trying to remove Castro who were driven back at the Bay of Pigs.

That experience would stand to him greatly during the 13 days in October 1962 when Armageddon threatened.

The following is how the crisis is reported in part by the JFK Presidential library.

Two days earlier a United States military surveillance aircraft had taken hundreds of aerial photographs of Cuba. CIA analysts, working around the clock, had deciphered in the pictures conclusive evidence that a Soviet missile base was under construction near San Cristobal, Cuba; just 90 miles from the coast of Florida.

The most dangerous encounter in the history of the world and Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union had begun.

For thirteen days in October 1962, the world waited—seemingly on the brink of nuclear war—and hoped for a peaceful resolution to the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Kennedy signing the order for the blockade of Cuba. Credit: John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum

Meanwhile, the US moved its readiness for war to DEFCON 2 the last step before a nuclear war. It was going to be a white-knuckle two weeks.

The thirteen days marking the most dangerous period of the Cuban missile crisis begin. President Kennedy and principal foreign policy and national defense officials are briefed on the U-2 findings.

Discussions begin on how to respond to the challenge. Two principal courses are offered: an air strike and invasion, or a naval quarantine with the threat of further military action. To avoid arousing public concern, the president maintained his official schedule, meeting periodically with advisors to discuss the status of events in Cuba and possible strategies.

On Day 2, American military units begin moving to bases in the Southeastern U.S. as intelligence photos from another U-2 flight show additional sites; and 16 to 32 missiles. President Kennedy attends a brief service at St. Matthew's Cathedral in observance of the National Day of Prayer.

After, he has lunch with Crown Prince Hasan of Libya and then makes a political visit to Connecticut in support of Democratic congressional candidates.

On Day 3, President Kennedy is visited by Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko, who asserts that Soviet aid to Cuba is purely defensive and does not represent a threat to the United States. Kennedy, without revealing what he knows of the existence of the missiles, reads to Gromyko his public warning of September 4 that the "gravest consequences" would follow if significant Soviet offensive weapons were introduced into Cuba.

Day 4 was spent in discussion with his advisors on Day 5 President Kennedy returns suddenly to Washington and after five hours of discussion with top advisers decides on the quarantine and blockade. Plans for deploying naval units are drawn and work is begun on a speech to notify the American people.

On Day 6, after attending Mass at St. Stephen's Church with Mrs. Kennedy, the President meets with General Walter Sweeney of the Tactical Air Command who tells him that an air strike could not guarantee 100% destruction of the missiles.

Read more: How JFK snagged 1,200 Cuban cigars before the trade embargo

Kennedy with Soviet Foreign minister Gromyko (at end of couch next to JFK). Credit: John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum

On Day 7, President Kennedy phones former Presidents Hoover, Truman and Eisenhower to brief them on the situation. Meetings to coordinate all actions continue. Kennedy formally establishes the Executive Committee of the National Security Council and instructs it to meet daily during the crisis. Kennedy briefs the cabinet and congressional leaders on the situation. Kennedy also informs British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan of the situation by telephone.

At 7:00 p.m. Kennedy speaks on television, revealing the evidence of Soviet missiles in Cuba and calling for their removal. He also announces the establishment of a naval quarantine around the island until the Soviet Union agrees to dismantle the missile sites and to make certain that no additional missiles are shipped to Cuba. Approximately one hour before the speech, Secretary of State Dean Rusk formally notifies Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin of the contents of the President's speech.

On Day 8, the ships of the naval quarantine fleet move into place around Cuba. Soviet submarines threaten the quarantine by moving into the Caribbean area. Soviet freighters bound for Cuba with military supplies stop dead in the water, but the oil tanker Bucharest continues towards Cuba. In the evening Robert Kennedy meets with Ambassador Dobrynin at the Soviet Embassy.

On Day 9, Kruschev threatens war. He writes to Kennedy: "You, Mr. President, are not declaring a quarantine, but rather are setting forth an ultimatum and threatening that if we do not give in to your demands you will use force. Consider what you are saying! And you want to persuade me to agree to this! What would it mean to agree to these demands? It would mean guiding oneself in one's relations with other countries not by reason, but by submitting to arbitrariness. You are no longer appealing to reason, but wish to intimidate us."

On Day 10, knowing that some missiles in Cuba were now operational, the president personally drafts a letter to Premier Khrushchev, again urging him to change the course of events. Meanwhile, Soviet freighters turn and head back to Europe. The Bucharest, carrying only petroleum products, is allowed through the quarantine line. U.N. Secretary General U Thant calls for a cooling-off period, which is rejected by Kennedy because it would leave the missiles in place.

On Day 11, a Soviet-chartered freighter is stopped at the quarantine line and searched for contraband military supplies. None are found and the ship is allowed to proceed to Cuba. Photographic evidence shows accelerated construction of the missile sites and the uncrating of Soviet IL-28 bombers at Cuban airfields.

In a private letter, Fidel Castro urges Nikita Khrushchev to initiate a nuclear first strike against the United States in the event of an American invasion of Cuba.

John Scali, ABC News reporter, is approached by Aleksander Fomin of the Soviet embassy staff with a proposal for a solution to the crisis.

Later, a long, rambling letter from Khrushchev to Kennedy makes a similar offer: removal of the missiles in exchange for lifting the quarantine and a pledge that the U.S. will not invade Cuba.

On Day 12, the second letter from Moscow demanding tougher terms, including the removal of obsolete Jupiter missiles from Turkey, is received in Washington. Over Cuba, An American U-2 plane is shot down by a Soviet-supplied surface-to-air missile and the pilot, Major Rudolph Anderson is killed.

President Kennedy writes a letter to the widow of USAF Major Rudolf Anderson, Jr., offering condolences, and informing her that President Kennedy is awarding him the Distinguished Service Medal, posthumously.

On Day 13, the thirteen days marking the most dangerous period of the Cuban missile crisis ended. Radio Moscow announces that the Soviet Union has accepted the proposed solution and releases the text of a Khrushchev letter affirming that the missiles will be removed in exchange for a non-invasion pledge from the United States.

The young American leader has faced down the Soviet Union and avoided a nuclear war in the process. In refusing to use nuclear missiles Kennedy went against at least one of his own advisors but saved the world from incredible destruction.

General Curtis LeMay of the Joint Chiefs had told Kennedy that the course the President had settled on–a naval blockade of Cuba–was a bad idea and was “almost as bad as the appeasement at Munich.” And at another point of this November 16 meeting, he advocated “solving” the problem, by which he meant implementing CINCLANT OPLAN 312-62, the air attack plan for Cuba.

 * Originally published in 2015. 


The tragic NYPD Irish cop who wrote one of Ireland’s best-known ballads

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As the venerable County Leitrim Society of New York recently celebrated their 122nd anniversary, I am reminded of the little-known story behind the author of the song, "Lovely Leitrim," one of Ireland's finest ballads which was a huge international hit when sung by the late great Larry Cunningham.

As my family came from a small farm six miles outside of Manorhamilton, I would like to tell the members about another great son of Leitrim, Patrolman Philip Fitzpatrick, Shield No. 15348, and this hero's tragic ending. He died this week 70 years ago.

Patrolman Philip Fitzpatrick was born in Aughavas, Co. Leitrim in 1892, and emigrated to America in the early 1920s, settling like so many Irish men and Irish women in New York City. He joined New York's Finest in 1926 and became a Patrolman, assigned to Mounted Squad 1 in Manhattan. Patrolman Fitzpatrick wrote the song, "Lovely Leitrim," in loving tribute to his beloved home county, still popular here and back in his native home.

While off duty on Tuesday, May 20, 1947, with his good friend, Patrolman George H. Dammeyer, Shield No. 3823, Patrolman Fitzpatrick was having lunch at a tavern, located at 1703 Third Avenue and East 96th Street, on the Upper East Side. Two career criminals, armed with pistols, entered the tavern shortly after the officers had sat down for lunch. These criminals had just robbed another location nearby and had pistol-whipped their victims. The criminals then announced that they wanted everyone's money and valuables, pointing their pistols at the customers and staff.

At great risk to themselves, Patrolman Fitzpatrick and Patrolman Dammeyer attempted to arrest the criminals, and Patrolman Fitzpatrick was shot twice in the stomach and grievously wounded while grappling with one of the perpetrators. Both criminals were shot and killed by Patrolman Dammeyer.

Patrolman Fitzpatrick succumbed to his wounds, and died in Beth Israel Hospital on May 26, 1947, leaving his grieving widow Mary and five sons to mourn his passing. He was given an Inspector's funeral and was awarded the prestigious NYPD Medal of Honor posthumously in a ceremony at City Hall held on May 25, 1948. Commissioner Arthur William Wallander and Mayor William O'Dwyer (himself a former police officer) presented his widow Mary with the medal.

Commissioner Arthur William Wallander and Mayor William O'Dwyer (himself a former police officer) presented his widow Mary with the medal and the deep gratitude of the citizens of New York for his making the ultimate and heroic sacrifice. Patrolman Dammeyer was presented with the Combat Cross Medal for his heroism.

Patrolman Philip Fitzpatrick, Shield No. 15348.

Many people did not know that Patrolman Fitzpatrick was also a poet, and had written an eerily prophetic poem about a policeman's life, referring to his fellow officers as "soldiers of peace," and included the sad lines, "when he kisses his wife and children goodbye, there's the chance he will see them no more."

I am writing this article in loving memory of a fine and decent Leitrim man, a father, a husband, a brother, an uncle, and a heroic soldier of peace. Our brave Philip never did get to return to Ireland, but he will never be forgotten by his fellow officers, his Brother and Sister Hibernians and the sons and daughters of Leitrim. May Almighty God grant rest to his good soul. A devout Catholic, he was also a member of the NYPD Holy Name Society and the Ancient Order of Hibernians.

Patrolman Fitzpatrick is remembered by the NYPD in a memorial on the walls of their headquarters at One Police Plaza, but shall always be remembered for the great song about Leitrim he authored:

Lovely Leitrim

Last night I had a pleasant dream, I woke up with a smile

I dreamed that I was back again in dear old Erin’s isle.

I thought I saw Lough Allen’s banks in the valleys down below

It was my lovely Leitrim where the Shannon waters flow.

I felt enchanted by the scene of grandeur and delight

I headed off to Carrick Town before the dark of night.

I passed Sheemore, that fairy hill where flowers fine do grow

And I saw the grave of Finn McCool where the Shannon waters flow.

I next did visit Fenagh Town with her ancient abbey walls.

Where the preaching of her holy monks once echoed through her halls.

I stood with reverence on the spot, reluctant for to go

From the town of saints and sages where the Shannon waters flow

My eyes are dimmed and wet with tears, I must be dreaming still.

I thought I saw those heroes that died on Sefton Hill.*

But the fog is lifting from the scene and I am forced to go

And leave the land so fair and grand where the Shannon waters flow.

In all the lands that I have been through the east and west,

In all the lands that I have seen, I love my own the best.

And if ever I return again the first place I will go,

Will be to lovely Leitrim where the Shannon waters flow

 

Read more:Great Hunger museum at Quinnipiac an Irish American treasure

* Philip Fitzpatrick refers to the ambush of an I.R.A. unit on March 11, 1921 by the Black and Tans, in which six I.R.A. Leitrim Brigade Officers and Volunteers were killed. A local Orangeman had informed on the I.R.A. to the British, and Commandant Sean Connolly, Captain John J. Reilly, Captain Michael E. Baxter, Volunteer Joseph Reilly, Volunteer Joseph O'Beirne and Volunteer Seamus Wrynne were killed in the ambush. Two of the wounded I.R.A. Volunteers had their skulls smashed in after their capture by the cruel Tans. The informer was later caught, tried and executed by the I.R.A.

Celebrating the Irish who fought in the Civil War this Memorial Day

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Memorial Day presents an ideal opportunity to look back on perhaps Ireland’s greatest achievement in America. That is the extraordinary number of Medals of Honor won by Irish natives in the toughest arena of all – fighting for their adopted country in the Civil War.

The correct title for the military award often called the “Congressional Medal of Honor,” is simply “Medal of Honor,” and those who receive it prefer to be called “recipients” rather than “winners.”

It is the only US Military Award that is worn from a ribbon hung around the neck, and the only award presented by the President in the name of Congress. It is the greatest award given to American fighting heroes. The Irish own far more than any other foreign country.

As John Concannon, who contributed to the research for the book Medal of Honor Recipients 1863-1994, noted in an article for TheWildGeese.com "Perhaps the most  remarkable was 'super survivor' Michael Dougherty, from Falcarragh, County Donegal, a private in the 13th Pennsylvania Cavalry."

Michael Dougherty, from Falcarragh, County Donegal, a private in the 13th Pennsylvania Cavalry.

He received it for routing a Confederate detachment at Jefferson, Virginia, which saved 2,500 lives by prohibiting the Confederates from flanking the Union forces.

Dougherty and 126 members of the 13th Pennsylvania Calvary were later captured and spent 23 months in different Southern prisons, including the Andersonville death-camp in Georgia. He was the only survivor from his regiment.

His trials did not end there. As Concannon elaborates, Dougherty was heading for home on the steamship “Sultana” on the Mississippi River when the boilers exploded. Of the 2000 passengers, only 900 survived, Dougherty was one of them. Finally, after 4 years, the 21-year-old Union Veteran reached his hometown of Bristol, Pa. That is why AOH Division #1 of Bristol is called the Michael Dougherty Division.

Further Ancient Order of the Hibernians divisions are also named after Medal of Honor recipients. The Col. James Quinlan Division #3 of Warwick, in Orange County, NY, for example, is named for Col. James Quinlan, who, also during The Civil War, led the Irish Brigade’s 88th New York in the battle of Savage Station, Virginia.

During the Civil War, 1523 Medals of Honor were issued. A large number to Irish troops from the Irish Brigade, which fought at Fredricksburg and Antietam.

The charge of the Irish Brigade during the Civil War.

To date, 3,459 Medals of Honor have been awarded, and 19 individuals have received it twice.

Thirty-three countries are listed as the birthplace of the recipients, and Ireland, with 258, has the most by far.

Some of those 258 listed Ireland as their place of birth and even included their county of origin: Cork has 19 Medal of Honor recipients, Tipperary and Dublin each have 11, Limerick has 10, Kerry 8, Galway 7, Antrim and Tyrone 6 each, while Sligo and Kilkenny each have 5.

Out of the 19 men to receive a second Medal of Honor, 5 were born in Ireland. They are, according to Concannon, "Henry Hogan from Clare, John Laverty from Tyrone, Dublin’s John Cooper, whose name at birth was John Laver Mather, John King and Patrick Mullen. Three double recipients were Irish-Americans: U.S. Marines Daniel Daly and John Joseph Kelly, and the U.S. Navy’s John McCloy."

The Congressional Medal of Honor.

Some modern day recipients are:

- John King, U.S. Navy, from Ballinrobe, County Mayo, double recipient in 1901 & 1909

- Pvt. John Joseph Kelly, Chicago, Ill., received both the Army & Navy Medal of Honor in WWI

- Col. William J.(Wild Bill) Donovan, member of New York’s Fighting 69th in WWI

- Audie Murphy, who was turned down by the Marines and the Navy as he was only 5’5 and weighed 112 lbs. The Army accepted him in June,1942, and he became WW II”s most decorated hero

- Fr. Timothy O’Callahan, who was not only the first Catholic Chaplain to receive the Medal of Honor, but the first of any faith to be so recognized.

For his gallant leadership and fighting spirit, O’Hare Airport in Chicago was named for Lt. Commander Edward H. “Butch” O’Hare, U.S. Navy fighter pilot. Another well-known facility, McGuire Air Force Base in New Jersey is named after Medal of Honor recipient, Thomas B. McGuire, a WWII ace pilot who shot down 38 enemy planes. One of Vietnam’s first recipients was Captain Roger Hugh Donlon, U.S. Special Forces, from Saugerties, N.Y. Another Vietnam recipient was New York Irish-American Robert Emmet O’Malley.

In all, 245 men were awarded the Medal of Honor in the Vietnam War. Among them were: Major Patrick Brady, Major Kern Dunagan, Captain Robert F. Foley, Lt. Cmdr. Thomas G. Kelley, Spc. Thomas McMahon, Lance Corp. Thomas Noonan, Pvt. Daniel Shea and Petty  Officer Michael Thornton.

There have been millions of Irish and Irish-Americans who have served in our military with distinction. The latest being Col. James Hickey, son of Irish immigrants, a native of Chicago, Ill., who commanded the 1st Brigade of the 4th Infantry Division, which captured Saddam Hussein in Iraq.

It would be impossible to calculate an exact number of Irish-Americans on the Medal of Honor list. However, Irish surnames are plentiful. There are 21 Murphys, 20 Kellys(or Kelley), and 8 Sullivans. Names beginning with the Irish prefix “Mc” spill onto multiple pages.

* Originally published in 2013.

JFK's last birthday party, booze, chasing a woman and celebration

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It has not passed into folklore like his 45th birthday when Marilyn Monroe sang, “Happy Birthday, Mr President!” to him, but JFK’s last birthday was just as lavish as you would expect for a man who lived such a glamorous life.

In May 29, 1963, Kennedy and about two dozen friends and family members gathered aboard the Presidential yacht, harbored in the Potomac River, and began a night of celebration.

The attendance of actors David Niven and Peter Lawford added Hollywood stardust to the event, and Mary Pinchot Meyer's arrival meant one of the President’s on again, off again mistresses brought an element of adultery to the occasion too. However, t was Toni Bradlee, Ben's wife that Kennedy sought out

At one point, Bradley stated JFK chased her into the bathroom and made a pass, but she refused.

“I guess I was pretty surprised, but I was kind of flattered, and appalled, too,” she said later.

Invitations sent out by First Lady Jackie Kennedy asked that guests wear “appropriately festive yachting suit and dress."

Ben Bradlee, who would later edit the Washington Post, recalled in later years that the party goers indoors began the evening sipping cocktails out on deck, but rain saw them retreat indoors.

Toasts to the president were interrupted by good natured heckling, and the 1955 Dom Pérignon was on tap.

Clint Hill, a Secret Service agent assigned to the Kennedy family, said the night was a rare break from the burdens of office for the President.

President Kennedy speaks to guests at his birthday party. Credit: Robert Knudsen/John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum

“I was very happy to be there that night, and that I could witness this, and be able to see him have such a wonderful time,” Hill told The Washington Post. “Presidents don’t have many relaxed times. It’s such a stressful job and to be able to see him and his friends enjoy themselves like that made me and the other agents feel good.”

Hill added that his favorite memory of the night was when Paul B. “Red” Faye Jr. - then Navy undersecretary - performed for the party.

“He got up and started singing some Irish song, and everyone was laughing.”

He also said that Senator Ted Kennedy “mysteriously lost one leg of his trousers some time during the night.”

Another witness more precisely said the trouser leg was ripped off by a reveler - revealing the youngest Kennedy brother’s white underpants.

That was the worst thing that got ruined though during the night; family friend Clement A. Norton got so drunk he ended up trampling on a Jackie’s gift to her husband - a rare engraving of scene from the War of 1812.

“It had cost more than $1,000 and Jackie had scoured galleries to find it, but she greeted its destruction with that veiled expression she assumes, and when everyone commiserated with her over this disaster, she just said, ‘Oh, that’s all right. I can get it fixed,’” Bradlee wrote in his book about the Kennedys. “The boor of the evening turned out to be Clem Norton.”

Other gifts include a pair of boxing gloves he was told to use on Congress and a book on debating that may or may not have come from his opponent in the 1960 election, Richard Nixon.

Unlike most of the guests, Kennedy wasn’t drunk - but still joined in lustily with the singing of “Hail, Hail, the Gang’s All Here” at the end of the night.

It would be the last time the gang would gather together, until Kennedy’s funeral some six months.

H/T:Washington Post

Best JFK quotes to celebrate the 100th anniversary of his birth

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John F. Kennedy would have celebrated his 100th birthday on Memorial Day, Monday, May 29, 2017. In tribute to JFK, the 35th President of the United States, and his centennial year, IrishCentral is looking back on the life and times of the charismatic and intriguing Irish-American leader; from his early years to his rise to the presidency, to his untimely assassination in November 1963 at just 46 years old.

For more on JFK and the Kennedy family, you can visit our special topic page.

Here are our favorite quotes from the 35th U.S. president:

1. “Every accomplishment starts with the decision to try.”

2. “As we express our gratitude, we must never forget that the highest appreciation is not to utter words, but to live by them.”

3. “The ignorance of one voter in a democracy impairs the security of all.”

4. “If not us, who? If not now when?"

5. “Those who dare to fail miserably can achieve greatly.”

6. “Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate.”

7. "Do not pray for easy lives, pray to be stronger men.”

8. “Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.”

9. “Let us not seek the Republican answer or the Democratic answer, but the right answer. Let us not seek to fix the blame for the past. Let us accept our own responsibility for the future.”

10. “Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names.”

11. “A man may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on.”

12. “And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you -- ask what you can do for your country.”

 

 

Jackie believed Lyndon B. Johnson had John F. Kennedy killed

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Jackie Kennedy believed Lyndon B. Johnson was behind the 1963 assassination of her husband President John F. Kennedy. In the sensational tapes recorded by the First Lady months after the President’s death, broadcast by ABC, Kennedy revealed her belief that Johnson and a cabal of Texas tycoons orchestrated the murder of her husband by gunman Lee Harvey Oswald. Kennedy, who later became Jackie Onassis, claimed that the Dallas murder was part of a larger conspiracy to allow Johnson to become American President in his own right.

Johnson, who served as a member of Congress, completed Kennedy’s term after the assassination and went on to be elected president. Leading historian Arthur Schlesinger Jnr recorded the tapes with Jackie Kennedy within months of her husband’s death. They have been stored in a sealed vault at the Kennedy Library in Boston after orders from Mrs. Kennedy that they would remain secret for 50 years after her death.

Years after her mother died from cancer, daughter Caroline has opted to release the tapes early. She has entered an agreement with the ABC network in the States who will air the tapes after agreeing to cancel their Kennedys drama series which upset Caroline and the Kennedy family.

Read more: Top facts about President John F. Kennedy you never knew

Lyndon B. Johnson

The $10 million series starred Tom Cruise’s wife Kate Holmes as Jackie Kennedy and critically charted the family’s political and personal trials and tribulations since the 1930s. It has now been dropped in a deal with Caroline concerning these tapes.

ABC executives have confirmed that the revelations in the tapes are ‘explosive’ with Jackie Kennedy allegedly blaming President Lyndon Johnson for the death of JFK, according to the Daily Mail reports. It is believed the tapes also include the suggestion that President Kennedy was having an affair with a 19-year-old White House intern with his wife even claiming that she found underwear in their bedroom.

Jackie Kennedy also admits to several affairs of her own in the tapes - one with Hollywood star William Holden and another with Fiat founder Gianni Agnelli - in retaliation for the President’s indiscretions.

There are also claims that the couple had discussed having more children in the weeks before his death. Noted Kennedy family historian and author Edward Klein said: “Jackie regarded the pretty young things in the White House as superficial flings for Jack. She did retaliate by having her own affairs.

“There was a period during which she was delighted to be able to annoy her husband with her own illicit romances.”

Read more: 52 years on, photo of John F. Kennedy’s assassin confirmed as authentic

* Originally published in December 2013.

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